Nsibidi

Nsibidi is an ancient system of graphic communication indigenous to Southeastern Nigeria mainly comprising the Ejagham also known as Ekoi, Ibibio, Efik, and the Igbo people.

Nsibidi is a form of ideographic writing. Ideographic writing is a system of writing that uses symbols to express an idea instead of words, such that, it can be understood by people who speak different languages. A modern-day example is a red heart, understood universally to mean love.

Scholars believe that Nsibidi has been in use in Ekoi for as long as 400 CE. Its oldest archaeological evidence dates back to 2000 B.C.

Brilliantly encoded and unique, Nsibidi is not related to any spoken language. It is an entirely original writing concept, with no western influence. Its ideograms convey countless concepts; there are over 12 different symbols for love, 7 different symbols for aversion, 7 different symbols for speech, 8 different symbols for mirror, 14 different symbols for a set table, and 6 different symbols for journeys.

Nsibidi comprises nearly a thousand symbols that can be drawn in the air (as gestures), on the ground, on the skin (as tattoos), on houses, and on art forms, such as masks and textiles. Its symbols for general communications are commonly known and taught to children. However, Nsidibi warfare and sacred items symbols are only known to the appropriate secret associations.

Most notable among the secret groups is the Ekpe Leopard Secret Society. The Ekpe, still found in present-day Abia, often wear the Ukara Ekpe during formal events. The Ukara Ekpe is a special attire with the Nsibidi symbols inscription.

Nsibidi symbols are used to decorate calabashes, clothing items, wall designs, metal (such as bronze) sculpture, swords, and tattoos on the skin.

Though ancient, the Nsidibi symbols are powerful and inspire different artforms today.

Jidenna Theodore Mobisson, the “classic man” singer personalises the Nsibidi symbols through the tattoo on his arm, proudly showing his heritage.

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In the fantasy novel, “What Sunny Saw in the Flames/Akata Witch”, Nnedi Okorafor referenced the Ekpe leopard society and Nsibidi as a huge part of the plot. On the cover of the novel, the Nsibidi symbol for “love” is drawn on the forehead of the character.

Hollywood franchise “Black Panther”, showcased Nsibidi symbols on the Wakanda throne and garments worn by its various characters, to emphasise power, authority and wealth. It was also one of the languages that inspired the language spoken throughout the movie.

What is most fascinating to you about Nsibidi? Let us know. We would love to hear from you.