October is the month of Breast Cancer Awareness, and all through this month, we shine a light on a disease that affects millions of women worldwide. The goal is to spread knowledge, encourage early detection, and empower women with information that could save lives. While breast cancer is one of the most well-known cancers, there are still many misconceptions about it.
Breast cancer doesn’t discriminate—it can affect women of all races, backgrounds, and ages. However, many people are unaware of key facts that can help better understand the disease. In Nigeria, the burden of breast cancer is growing significantly. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) reported 28,380 new breast cancer cases in Nigeria in 2020, making up 22.7% of new cancer diagnoses and accounting for the highest proportion of all cancers in the country.
While awareness is increasing, it’s crucial to continue educating ourselves about the disease. Here are five things you might not know about breast cancer.
1. Age is a Significant Factor in Breast Cancer
While breast cancer can occur at any age, the risk increases as a woman gets older. Rates of breast cancer are low in women under 40—only about 4% of diagnoses in the U.S. occur in women younger than 40. The likelihood of developing breast cancer significantly increases after age 40, peaking in women over 70. In Nigeria, the rising incidence of breast cancer, currently at 54.3 per 100,000, has spiked dramatically over the past two decades.
As we age, regular screenings like mammograms become even more crucial. Women over 40 should be particularly vigilant about regular check-ups, as early detection can greatly improve treatment outcomes.
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2. Family History is Important, But Not the Whole Story
One common misconception is that if no one in your family has had breast cancer, you’re safe from it. While a family history of breast cancer can increase your risk, the majority of women diagnosed with the disease have no familial links to it. According to research, only about 5-10% of breast cancers are hereditary.
This means that even if breast cancer doesn’t run in your family, you should still pay close attention to your body and consider routine breast exams. Lifestyle factors such as diet, exercise, and exposure to certain chemicals can also play a role in breast cancer development.
3. Breast Cancer Isn’t Just a Women’s Disease
While breast cancer overwhelmingly affects women, it’s important to note that men can get breast cancer too, although the numbers are much lower. For every 100 breast cancer diagnoses in women, one man is diagnosed. Male breast cancer often goes unnoticed until it’s in a more advanced stage because many men don’t realize they are at risk.
Breast cancer in men presents similar symptoms, such as lumps or unusual changes in breast tissue. Therefore, men should also be aware of the risks and report any unusual signs to a healthcare provider.
4. Early Detection Saves Lives
Early detection is one of the most critical factors in surviving breast cancer. Women who catch the disease in its early stages have a much higher chance of successful treatment. Self-examinations, clinical breast exams, and mammograms are powerful tools for detecting abnormalities early.
In Nigeria, where healthcare access can be limited, raising awareness about the importance of self-exams is especially important. The sooner breast cancer is detected, the less invasive and more effective treatment can be.
5. Lifestyle Can Play a Role
While you can’t change some risk factors like age or genetics, there are several lifestyle changes you can make to reduce your risk of breast cancer. Studies show that excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, obesity, and a lack of physical activity are linked to an increased risk of breast cancer. Adopting a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, combined with regular exercise, can help reduce this risk.
In Nigeria, where the burden of breast cancer is rising, making these simple lifestyle adjustments could have a significant impact on reducing the number of cases.
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Let’s Continue the Conversation
Breast cancer remains one of the most prevalent cancers in Nigeria, and the numbers continue to rise. However, through education, early detection, and lifestyle changes, we can combat this disease together. Understanding that age, lifestyle, and even gender are factors in breast cancer risk helps demystify the disease and empowers us to take proactive steps in our health.
Let’s continue the conversation as we move through Breast Cancer Awareness Month. Encourage the women (and men) in your life to conduct regular self-exams, get routine screenings, and make informed choices about their health. By doing so, we not only raise awareness but potentially save lives.
Get involved this Breast Cancer Awareness Month by educating yourself and those around you. Schedule a screening or talk to your healthcare provider if you notice any unusual symptoms. Spread the word—early detection is key!